This week we are learning different ways of graph building. Reports using graphic illustration helps readers to quickly understand the results of your study. In this class, I am going to show you how to put together a graph in Excel, PowerPoint, or Word, or directly from Stata. There are many categories of graph building including scatter and line plots, range and area plots, bar graphs etc. For more information of graphs, you can type "help graph" in the Stata command box or you can click this link to visit Stata website on graphs. For the purpose of this class, I am going to show you a very simple way of building graphs using bar graphs based on your ANOVA or t-test results.
For example, we are interested in examining the relationship between IT program participation (var name: it) and IT skills (var name: pcskills) of secondary school students in Cambodian schools. IT program participation is a categorical variable with four different groups: (1) those who completed the program, (2) those who passed the enrollment into the program in that year, (3) those who failed to enroll into the program in that year, and (4) those who have never attended the program before. The IT skills variable consists of 15 questions asking them about different IT skills that they know (e.g., do you know how to use Word, save the document, creating graph, creating PPP etc.). The response is yes or no. Those who say yes receives a score of "1" and no of "0". We combined the 15 items together and consider those with higher scores have more IT skills. Cronbach's alpha of this variable is .89. Because the independent variable, IT program participation has 4 groups (more than 2 groups that t-test can handle), we will use ANOVA for this. Thus, oneway pcskills it, t:
Link to data file: http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/60032040/graphpractice.dta
oneway pcskills it, t
How do you create a bar graph in Word?
First of all, open the Word document, and under Insert, please click on Charts, then choose the default one. The blank Excel sheet will appear for you to input your number. So based on the above Stata output, copy the mean values as circled in red into Excel. Then replace the 4 categories shown in Excel with the 4 categories as shown in this data (the four IT groups) and replace the mean values based on their corresponding categories. Here is how the final Figure looks like based on APA 6th Edition Style:
You can also expand this bar graph by student gender. Here is how it looks like:
oneway pcskills it if gender==0, t
oneway pcskills it if gender==1, t
(Or you can use:
sort gender
by gender: oneway pcskills it, t)
For example, we are interested in examining the relationship between IT program participation (var name: it) and IT skills (var name: pcskills) of secondary school students in Cambodian schools. IT program participation is a categorical variable with four different groups: (1) those who completed the program, (2) those who passed the enrollment into the program in that year, (3) those who failed to enroll into the program in that year, and (4) those who have never attended the program before. The IT skills variable consists of 15 questions asking them about different IT skills that they know (e.g., do you know how to use Word, save the document, creating graph, creating PPP etc.). The response is yes or no. Those who say yes receives a score of "1" and no of "0". We combined the 15 items together and consider those with higher scores have more IT skills. Cronbach's alpha of this variable is .89. Because the independent variable, IT program participation has 4 groups (more than 2 groups that t-test can handle), we will use ANOVA for this. Thus, oneway pcskills it, t:
Link to data file: http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/60032040/graphpractice.dta
oneway pcskills it, t
How do you create a bar graph in Word?
First of all, open the Word document, and under Insert, please click on Charts, then choose the default one. The blank Excel sheet will appear for you to input your number. So based on the above Stata output, copy the mean values as circled in red into Excel. Then replace the 4 categories shown in Excel with the 4 categories as shown in this data (the four IT groups) and replace the mean values based on their corresponding categories. Here is how the final Figure looks like based on APA 6th Edition Style:
You can also expand this bar graph by student gender. Here is how it looks like:
oneway pcskills it if gender==0, t
oneway pcskills it if gender==1, t
(Or you can use:
sort gender
by gender: oneway pcskills it, t)
You can also change the look of the graph to like this:
PRACTICE ON YOUR OWN
Create a bar graph based on the following questions:
use http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/60032040/graphpractice.dta
1. Is there any significant relationship between lab use (var name: labuselast) and science interests (var name: scienceinterest)?
2. Is there any significant relationship between lab use (var name: labuselast) and science interests (var name: scienceinterest) for boys and for girls? (hint: run two separate anovas, one for boys and one for girls).
3. Is students' IT skills (var name: pcskills) associated with education of mother (var name: edumom)?
4. Is students' IT skills (var name: pcskills) associated with education of father (var name: edudad)?
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